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EPD: Ready-mix concrete, 70.0 Psi; Curing time 28d; Cement type: Industry Average, Mix 1620900 (CEMEX (2022); Birmingham, 911 WENONAH ROAD, plant: Lakeshore (Dual) (Lafarge), plant code: 5119)
Impact from Cement: 32.0%; natural aggregate (ASTM C33), fly ash (ASTM C618), type 1L cement (ASTM C595), batch water (ASTM C1602), admixture (ASTM C494); Municipal Water: US-EI (2016): Tap water, at user/US, 2000, Fly ash: byproduct of coal combustion; no upstream manufacturing impacts, Aggregate (natural): US-EI (2020): Gravel, round, at mine/US, 2001, Portland cement: Portland Concrete Association, Industry Average EPD, 2021, Admixture (other): Highest impact in each impact category of the six EFCA admixture EPD, 2015, Truck transport: USLCI:inchTransport, combination truck, short-haul, diesel powered/tkm/RNAinch, 2010, Truck transport: USLCI:inchTransport, combination truck, long-haul, diesel powered/tkm/RNAinch, 2010, Non-Hazardous Solid Waste: US-EI (2016): Disposal, municipal solid waste, 2008, Electricity (SERC): Ecoinvent 3.4: Electricity, medium voltage, market for, cut-off, 2015 , Diesel: USLCI: Diesel, combusted in industrial equipment/NREL/US, 2007, Municipal Water: US-EI (2020): Tap water, at user/US, 2000, Oils, Lubricants and Greases: Ecoinvent 3.5:: Lubricating oil, GLO, market for, cut-off, 2011, Cleaning Chemicals: Ecoinvent 3.4: 50% Citric acid and 50% Phosphoric acid, industrial grade, without water, in 70% solution state, market for/GLO, 2017
USA