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EPD: Tunneling; Permanent spray concrete lining; C35/45; Reinforced with Dramix® steel fibers only (Bekaert)
This construction is a typical permanent spray concrete lining reinforced with both Dramix® steel fibers only using a C35/45 concrete mix with CEM IIIA. Steel fibers used for concrete reinforcement are discrete, discontinuous pieces of steel wire reinforcement that are engineered with specific material properties, shape and size according to the desired performance and application in construction. This construction acts as a generic configuration for this tunnel element. The construction details (concrete grade and thickness, fiber type, fiber dosage, rebar rate) can be changed accordingly to suit the project needs. To compare the environmental savings achieved with this construction, the construction may be adjusted in a variant where steel fibers can be replaced with alternative reinforcement. Environmental impacts of Dramix® steel fibers in this construction are based on the Environmental Product Declaration for Dramix® steel fibers manufactured in Petrovice, Czechia. One Click LCA generic data points were used for concrete mix. Values are in compliance with EN15804 standard. For concrete CEM IIIA with 40% GGBS content is assumed.
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